https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_racism
+https://www.bmj.com/content/371/bmj.m3872/rr-5
+
[racialists get annoyed that people use "skin color" as a metonym for "race", but in this case, we actually are talking about skin color!]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causal_graph
the U.S. has much fewer mixed-race people than Brazil specifically because of institutionalized racism (the one-drop rule discouraging intermarriage)
https://www.gnxp.com/WordPress/2020/09/28/white-men-invented-everything/
+https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-77093-z
![](/images/covid_dag.svg)