As a child of the previous ideological regime, I'm strongly in favor of this! Unfortunately, I am not feeling optimistic about the American creed's prospects. Murray notes that the ideal of individualism is unnatural—we evolved to be loyal to our ingroup and distrust outsiders. A dominant group serving its own interests at the expense of others is the natural form of government; the American experiment—to the extent it was ever real—was the exception that required careful cultivation. But part of what made equality before the law such an effective marketing promise was the unstated premise that it would lead to, you know, _actual_ equality. If that's empirically not true—if people don't _believe_ that it's true—what happens to our Society?
I don't know.
+
+... and that's the book review that I would _prefer_ to write. A social-science review of a social-science book, for social-science nerds, in a world that wasn't _about to end_. Let me explain.
+
+When scholars like Murray write about "intelligence", they're talking about a summary of the differences _between_ humans: we can measure how well different humans perform at various verbal or spatial or mathematical thinking-tasks, and it turns out that, on average, people who are good at one thinking-task also tend to be good at others. Graph all the test scores on an appropriately high-dimensional plot, and [the longest axis of the hyperellipsoid](/2020/Apr/book-review-human-diversity/#the-length-of-a-hyperellipsoid) represents "general intelligence"—the dimension of human variation that we recognize as "smart" _vs._ "dumb."
+
+But this particular dick-measuring contest takes place in the context of a human civilization; it doesn't tell us very much about "intelligence" as a natural phenomenon—the capacity of an agent to achieve goals across a variety of environments. Maybe some humans read better than others, but from the standpoint of eternity, reading itself is a _recent_ cultural practice [(invented only 3500 years ago)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literacy#Prehistoric_and_ancient_literacy) that piggybacks off of natural language capabilities that _all_ developmentally normal humans share. Cats and crows and octopuses _do_ have "intelligence"—various cognitive abilities that let them integrate sensory information into a model of their environment, allocate attention, execute motor plans to seek prey or avoid predators, _&c._, but you can't give them a [Stanford–Binet IQ test](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford%E2%80%93Binet_Intelligence_Scales), which was designed around the _specific_ set of abilties that humans have in common. But, in principle, humans aren't special.
+
+And yet—it seems like humans _are_ special, in some ways. Of all the creatures on [the tree of life](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_of_life_(biology)), our lineage "took over the world" in the sense that if humans want a resource that cats or crows or octopuses are using, the nonhuman side of the ensuing conflict is predictably going to lose. (To the extent that we don't usually think of ourselves as engaging in a "conflict". Animals aren't _enemies_; they're just in the way.) This is not because humans are stronger or have sharper teeth than other creatures, but because of something about our "intelligence" in the natural-phenomenon sense, not the IQ test variation sense. It's not even necessarily about _individual_ human intelligence being a particularly formidable force: given no tools and no friends, and confronted by a hungry lion at ten paces, it doesn't seem easy to survive by thinking of some incredibly clever plan. If you had a gun, you could shoot the lion, but [no one individual knows how to make a gun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I,_Pencil) all by themselves, starting from nothing.
+
+Rather, the power of humanity over the rest of the biosphere has to do with our species having evolved a suite of cognitive capabilities adequate to support the accumulation of culture and technology. If you already had a spear, you might be able to think of of some incredibly clever plan to get a slightly sharper spear—which everyone in your tribe could imitate. And so on up the tech tree.
+
+[TODO: ↓ clunky prose probably needs a rewrite after better outlining]
+
+You can think of events on Earth before the rise of human civilization as mostly being shaped by evolution by natural selection: new complex ordered phenomena arose as the product of genetic mutations that allowed their bearers to survive and reproduce, thereby increasing the frequency of the mutation. Natural selection is a form of _optimization_: the accumulation of beneficial mutations creates functionality that looks "designed" for the purposes of reproduction, because they were selected for existence on that basis.
+
+But _after_ the rise of civilization, biological evolution stopped being the dominant force shaping planetary events, just because cultural evolution runs on a faster timescale. If some other species were on the evolutionary path towards developing the capabilities that would eventually result in them developing their own civilization, it basically "wouldn't matter".
+
+To the extent that our civilization is better for us to live in than the state of nature, it's because civilization is the product of the cumulative optimization of humans trying to acheive their goals: vast, complex infrastructure and economies look "designed" to cater to human needs—supermarkets to feed us, hospitals to heal us, cars and airplanes to take us where we want to go—because we selected them for existence on that basis.
+
+
+[What I actually care about: the intelligence explosion; the alignment problem might be solvable by von Neumann clones; a civilization at our tech level with a more functional state religion that wasn't afraid of genetics would be able to produce them faster than we will; this is really bad guys]
+
+[shut down tribalist thinking: it's not like white people (or even Jews) are the pinnicle of creation; imagine the space of possible minds and consider psychic unity and know how puny we all are]
+
+[amplifying ancestry differences
+https://westhunt.wordpress.com/2016/09/27/super-gaels/]
+
+
+group diff studies
+https://emilkirkegaard.dk/en/2019/01/what-you-cant-say-genetic-group-difference-edition/
+
+[the nutritional mismatch hypothesis]
+
+[Cognitive Creationism, Dodging Darwin, &c.]
+
+[the Georgetown law professor thing: "I end up having this angst every semester that a lot of my lower ones are Blacks."—this is actually a very straightforward consequence of affirmative action (even if you don't believe in a genetic gap); it should be possible to reason about
+https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2021/03/12/georgetown-terminates-law-professor-reprehensible-comments-about-black-students
+
+
+
+"rotation" of the class axis, as people sort by cognitive ability directly rather than race??
+
+Paul Christiano abstract story about what kind of agents steer the future
+https://rationalaltruist.com/2013/02/27/why-will-they-be-happy/
+
+https://www.persuasion.community/p/why-america-is-flunking-math-education
+
+https://www.unz.com/isteve/nature-tackling-systemic-racism-requires-the-system-of-science-to-change/
+
+https://www.unz.com/isteve/the-not-so-great-reset-rolls-on/
+
+I read everything I could about the James Watson affair in 2007
+
+The debate never advances; Arthur Jensen on the Phil Donahue show
+https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VtoqK1gsmHI
+
+"Can You Ever Be Too Smart for Your Own Good?" (No!)
+https://www.gwern.net/docs/iq/2021-brown.pdf
+
+https://ny.chalkbeat.org/2017/3/13/21111588/it-s-official-new-york-s-prospective-teachers-will-no-longer-have-to-pass-controversial-literacy-exa
+
+For the Singularity https://www.overcomingbias.com/2021/05/the-artificial-life-taboo-in-biology.html
+
+eugenicists treated blindness as hereditary!!!!
+https://www.datasecretslox.com/index.php/topic,4082.0.html
+
+From my notebook circa November 2007—
+I think I'm coming to terms with the fact that I'm male all the way down, no matter what I say or do or even feel. This is hard to deal with because my <<policies are based on the fact that>> I'm special or the Difference is trivial. <<Whereas all the testing says not really.>> (But I've _always_ been <<inherently gloomy>>)
+
+https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalief_Browder
+
+https://richardhanania.substack.com/p/woke-institutions-is-just-civil-rights
+
+"No causal associations between childhood family income and subsequent psychiatric disorders, substance misuse and violent crime arrests"
+https://academic.oup.com/ije/advance-article/doi/10.1093/ije/dyab099/6288123
+
+https://bariweiss.substack.com/p/what-happens-when-doctors-cant-speak
+
+https://slate.com/technology/2021/05/sperm-counts-decline-fertility-science-white-nationalism.html
+
+https://dynomight.net/are-tests-irrelevant/
+
+https://bariweiss.substack.com/p/the-psychopathic-problem-of-the-white
+
+It's going to be the future soon; things aren't always going to be like this
+
+https://twitter.com/RichardDawkins/status/1229060502984306689
+> For those determined to miss the point, I deplore the idea of a eugenic policy. I simply said deploring it doesn’t mean it wouldn’t work. Just as we breed cows to yield more milk, we could breed humans to run faster or jump higher. But heaven forbid that we should do it.
+
+> While a limited form of selection in humans is acceptable—for example, preventing a couple who are carriers of a recessive genetic defect or disease from producing an offspring with that condition—the kind of wholesale and directed selective breeding of humans suggested by the word "eugenics" is immoral, and I don't favor it at all.
+https://whyevolutionistrue.wordpress.com/2020/02/20/discovery-institute-makes-hay-of-dawkins-tweet-and-a-geneticist-mistakenly-says-that-artificial-selection-wont-work-in-humans/
+
+> I hold eugenics to be completely immoral and we should not attempt to implement it.
+https://twitter.com/SwipeWright/status/1229890352275955713
+
+https://www.edge.org/response-detail/23838/
+https://biohackinfo.com/news-china-gene-editing-criminal-law-article-336-march-2021/
+https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/He_Jiankui_affair
+
+https://jessesingal.substack.com/p/even-during-a-reckoning-mind-reading
+
+https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2021/06/left-targets-testing-gifted-programs/619315/
+
+> I don't want to hear about black thugs raping white women, but I'm going to hear it soon if you don't stop talking about white cops killing black kids
+Glenn Loury on Tucker https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wuPdPKHG18k
+
+https://www.cold-takes.com/why-ai-alignment-could-be-hard-with-modern-deep-learning/
+
+https://johnmcwhorter.substack.com/p/why-charles-murrays-new-book-is-his
+
+Coleman Hughes: it's possible to push back against Kendism without
+https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OE5QcD_12fQ
+
+printing IQ in the NYT in 1969!!!
+https://www.unz.com/isteve/news-that-used-to-be-fit-to-print/
+
+https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/X9Rk4rXSMnKfYLq5r/a-brief-review-of-current-and-near-future-methods-of-genetic
+
+http://web.archive.org/web/20201101001637/https://www.unz.com/isteve/fbi-murder-offender-ratio-for-blacks-nonblacks-ratio-for-males-females/
+
+https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/why-statistics-dont-capture-the-full-extent-of-the-systemic-bias-in-policing/
+
+https://quillette.com/2021/07/29/charles-murrays-facing-reality-a-review/
+
+"Reading Race: AI Recognises Patient's Racial Identity In Medical Images"
+https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.10356
+https://lukeoakdenrayner.wordpress.com/2021/08/02/ai-has-the-worst-superpower-medical-racism/
+https://www.wired.com/story/these-algorithms-look-x-rays-detect-your-race/
+
+https://www.unz.com/isteve/military-discovers-that-stripping-photos-from-promotion-evaluations-hurts-blacks/
+
+"Western Europe, State Formation, and Genetic Pacification"
+> mean heritable propensity for violence thus shifted 0.08 SD leftward with each passing generation
+> the most violent 1 to 2% should form a right-hand “tail” that begins 2.33–2.05
+SD to the right of the mean propensity for homicide. If we eliminate this right-hand tail and leave only the other 98-99% to survive and reproduce, we have a selection differential of 0.027 to 0.049 SD per generation.
+
+https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/Rhg27MqkxJsnZwoYg/the-codex-skeptic-faq
+
+https://freddiedeboer.substack.com/p/is-the-conventional-wisdom-on-educational
+
+https://richardhanania.substack.com/p/tetlock-and-the-taliban
+
+Mob Justice Is Trampling Democratic Discourse
+https://archive.is/aVTpr
+
+https://aeolipera.wordpress.com/2014/10/15/observations-on-smarter-african-americans/
+
+https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354010004_Genetic_Ancestry_and_General_Cognitive_Ability_in_a_Sample_of_American_Youths
+
+only 14% approval for IQ enhancement https://www.pewresearch.org/science/2020/12/10/biotechnology-research-viewed-with-caution-globally-but-most-support-gene-editing-for-babies-to-treat-disease/
+
+"Human capital mediates natural selection in contemporary humans"
+https://ueaeco.github.io/working-papers/papers/ueaeco/UEA-ECO-21-02_Updated.pdf
+
+[TODO: Scott Alexander on "involuntary": "This sounds super Orwellian, but it really is done with the patient's best interest at heart." https://slatestarcodex.com/2018/03/22/navigating-and-or-avoiding-the-inpatient-mental-health-system/ ]
+
+[TODO: https://archive.is/HUkzY public defender
+
+The racist magazine _American Renaissance_ once published [an article by a public defender](https://archive.is/HUkzY) complaining about the behavior of his black clients.
+
+The lawyer
+
+> If you tell a black man that the evidence is very harmful to his case, he will blame _you_. "You ain't workin' fo' me." "It like you workin' with da State." Every public defender hears this. The more you try to explain the evidence to a black man, the angrier he gets.
+
+I feel a lot of sympathy for the defendant
+
+]
+
+[TODO: compare Great Oxidization Event and its timescale to the Industrial Revolution??]
+
+"Genetic and environmental contributions to IQ in adoptive and biological families with 30-year-old offspring"
+https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0160289621000635
+
+Modernity selects against those capable of maintaining it
+https://twitter.com/CovfefeAnon/status/1441997339309314049
+
+https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/08/nyregion/gifted-talented-nyc-schools.html
+
+https://whyevolutionistrue.com/2021/10/09/the-art-institute-of-chicago-fires-all-122-of-its-unpaid-and-volunteer-docents-because-they-arent-sufficiently-diverse/
+
+NCAA Task Force Recommends Students No Longer Submit SAT, ACT Scores To Promote 'Racial Equity'
+https://archive.ph/QerlW
+
+> The American Medical Association has just released "Advancing Health Equity: A Guide to Language, Narrative and Concepts," a strange document that calls for doctors to insert progressive politics into even plain statements of fact.
+https://twitter.com/jessesingal/status/1454468272011743239
+https://www.ama-assn.org/system/files/ama-aamc-equity-guide.pdf
+
+https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2021-11-18/uc-slams-door-on-sat-and-all-standardized-admissions-tests
+
+https://slate.com/human-interest/2021/11/overstepping-auntie-relationship-parenting-advice.html
+
+> AMY WAX: I'm not sure that Murray and Taylor are that far apart in what they percieve to be the outcomes from the American creed. So why is Murray condemning him?
+https://youtu.be/h1vQFMxPk54?t=4138
+
+small town police department very blatantly makes shit up in order to collect fines; on the one hand, a clue about police stats reliability; on the other hand, imagine how much worse this could get with AI
+https://www.al.com/news/2022/01/police-in-this-tiny-alabama-town-suck-drivers-into-legal-black-hole.html
+
+Prof under investigation after making comments about race and IQ in class
+https://archive.ph/d5Hks
+
+https://claremontreviewofbooks.com/inconvenient-truths/?utm_source=pocket_mylist
+
+https://www.metaculus.com/notebooks/10292/predicting-polygenic-selection-for-iq/
+
+https://www.unz.com/isteve/justice-sotomayor-intelligent-well-informed-reasonable-minded-people-must-be-banned-from-capital-case-juries/