1 Title: The Categories Were Made for Man in Order to Make Predictions
4 Tags: epistemology, Scott Alexander
7 > I said, "The truth is whatever you can get away with."
9 > "No, that's journalism. The truth is whatever you can't escape."
11 > —_Distress_ by Greg Egan
13 In ["The Categories Were Made for Man, Not Man for the Categories"](http://slatestarcodex.com/2014/11/21/the-categories-were-made-for-man-not-man-for-the-categories/), the immortal Scott Alexander eloquently and correctly explains that proposed definitions of concepts aren't true or false in themselves, but rather can only be evaluated by their usefulness. We group similar things into the same category so that we can make similar predictions about them, but this requires both a metric of "similarity," and a notion of which predictions one cares about enough to notice, both of which are relative to an agent's preferences, rather than inherent in the world itself.
15 And so, Alexander explains, the ancient Hebrews weren't _wrong_ to classify whales as a type of _dag_ (typically translated as _fish_), even though modern biologists classify whales as mammals and not fish, because the ancient Hebrews were more interested in distinguishing which animals live in the water rather than which animals were phylogenetically related.
25 * First, the basic point is obviously correct.
26 * Things become muddier when we get to the section about national borders:
27 it's true that countries may agree that their borders work in this
28 noncontiguous way, and that matters for some purposes, but these legal
29 fictions don't always capture what people actually mean when they talk about
31 * During my Facebook meltdown, an acquaintance of mine gave some really
32 solid examples that I should ask him if I can borrow (with or without
34 * An attempted clarification (Scott does address this, but I want to
35 emphasize/rephrase it?): categories are value-laden because they're grouping
36 things together on the basis of the predictions that are decision-relevant
37 to what you care about. But this should be distinguished from the categories
38 themselves being _arbitrarily_ value-laden.
39 * Scott Alexander understands this, but the bottom 50% of _Slate Star
40 Codex_ readers do not.
41 * An important subtlety: in the case of countries and gender but _not_
42 whales/fish, we're not just classifying things that exist, but also making a
43 political decision of how we're going to organize ourselves. It's not that
44 trans women and nonbinaries already exist in fixed proportions, and we're
45 trying to decide how to parse them: that we have socially-recognized
46 transition as a thing creates an affordance for people to make the choice to
47 transition (linky ["Lesser Known..."](/2017/Dec/lesser-known-demand-curves/))
48 * The argumentation in section IV is _uncharacteristically_ weak for Scott:
49 basically just "We've established that categories are neither true nor
50 false, so if you care about transgender people, then you should use their
52 * To do better: let's _discuss in detail_ the detailed consequences of
53 different ways of drawing gender categories, and analyze the conflicts
54 that different people have.
55 * The case for using identified gender rather than biological sex is
56 strongest for binary trans people who actually pass.
57 * The tack where you show a picture of Buck Angel and say, "You're not
58 really going to call this person a woman, are you?" makes a good point
59 * It's less strong for ...
60 * People who don't pass
61 * Passing is a continuum rather than a binary and is also
62 observer-dependent, which is inconvenient from the perspective of
63 categorization, which tends to stick to bright-lines and Schelling
65 * Re observer dependence: quote Serano (do I rely/pick on Serano too
66 much?) or someone about how it's actually _harder_ to pass in urban
67 areas because people have a higher prior
68 * Ref-to-rebut Zinnia Jones on "passing is subjective, therefore it's
71 * Normies don't have nonbinary gender in their ontology; at least
72 acknowledge that you're making a political demand when you want
74 * What are the decision criteria for nonbinary, anyway? People can
76 * Rundown of social consequences of different criteria—
77 * When you have people who are _identifiably_ distinct from natal-sex
78 people _and_ not drawn from the same psychological distribution, it
79 becomes socially profitable for people to notice and adjust their
80 expectations; you can't stop them from doing this
81 * separate post "Stereotypes, Models, and Cognition"
82 * People are making probabilistic inferences all the time whether
83 they realize it or not
84 * Being drawn from a different psychological distribution but _not_
85 identifiably (AGPs who pass really well) doesn't hurt the dynamics
87 * AGPs aren't drawn from the same psychological distribution as cis
88 women. (Briefly explain the typology, but refer to external sources
89 for justification. For a more hard-facts empirical justification of
90 "not drawn from the same dist'n", cite data on sexual orientation (and
91 [constrast](https://twitter.com/SteveStuWill/status/905572666332987392))
93 * Making it not-OK for people to _talk_ about the categories that they
94 internally use to make sense of the world is bad
95 * experiences in LWish spaces with lots of trans women: if you
96 doctrinairely call everyone women, my brain rebels and wants to
97 say, "That's not what I meant and _you fucking know it_." And
98 honestly? (And I think they do, in fact, fucking know it.)
99 * The inability to have women's clothing swaps is a _real loss_
100 * Negotiation-structure: we've been using this word to refer to this
101 thing for the past 200,000 years since the invention of language;
102 if you want us to stop, you need to offer us something we value
103 (and you have nothing to trade with); threatening to kill yourself
104 is easily (if callously) countered with "We don't negotiate with
106 * For crime/medical statistics, you need natal sex or third-category.
108 * The case of Emperor Norton looks cute at first glance, but
109 ostensibly-benevolent gaslighting is still problematic (we call it
111 * I've been crazy (link "Memoirs"), and I'm glad my friends patiently told
112 me why I was wrong rather than saying "That's nice dear" (maybe quote
114 * Tell a story about what this could have been like for Norton beginning to
115 doubt the reality of his reign.
116 * Link to Maria Catt's "Baby Jessica" essay (maybe write her fan mail and
117 ask her to put it back up again)