+A conventional human scientist studying an account of such reasoning might protest, "You're jumping to conclusions! There's _no way_ you can justify confidence in that hypothesis with so little data!" Such epistemological disputes are not easy to ajudicate, but in the end, one cannot argue with success: the extent to which our scientist would be justified in accusing our alien reasoner of jumping to conclusions must be the extent to which we expect those conclusions to be disproven later.
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+Suppose our alien reasoner were to be informed of the fact that, among humans, some fraction of males elect to undergo medical interventions to resememble females, and aspire to be perceived as females socially. Suppose our alien reasoner were asked to hypothesize about the cause of such behavior.